Written by: Abdul Basit Alvi
Atrocities are severe breaches of human rights and dignity that deeply disturb the collective conscience of humanity. They include a range of egregious acts such as genocide, ethnic cleansing, torture, and other extreme forms of violence. Though these acts can occur in any nation, their impacts and consequences are often extensive and significant.Atrocities are violent acts that inflict serious harm and suffering on individuals or groups, typically based on ethnicity, religion, nationality, or other distinguishing traits. These acts are marked by their brutality and the intentional aim to cause harm. For instance, genocide refers to the systematic extermination of a specific group, like the Holocaust during World War II. Ethnic cleansing involves the forcible removal of ethnic groups from certain regions, as seen in conflicts such as the Bosnian War. Torture is the infliction of severe pain to obtain information or as a punitive measure, commonly observed in authoritarian regimes. Human trafficking involves exploiting individuals through force, fraud, or coercion for labor or sexual exploitation. Victims of such atrocities experience unimaginable physical and emotional suffering. Survivors often endure long-term psychological trauma and displacement. Atrocities can lead to the disintegration of social structures and communities, resulting in widespread poverty, instability, and a loss of social cohesion. They can also strain diplomatic relations and may prompt international interventions or sanctions, becoming central topics in discussions about global justice and human rights.In the intricate and varied landscape of global politics, the role of a state is crucial to the stability and prosperity of its society. A state, defined as a political entity with sovereignty over a specific territory and population, holds significant responsibilities vital for the well-being and development of its citizens. One primary responsibility is maintaining law and order. The state must establish and enforce laws that protect citizens’ rights and ensure justice, including creating a legal framework for addressing crime, disputes, and civil matters. An impartial and effective judicial system is essential for administering justice and resolving conflicts, with courts operating fairly and being accessible to all. Law enforcement agencies are responsible for maintaining public order, preventing crime, and responding to emergencies, all while adhering to principles of accountability and respect for human rights. Upholding and protecting human rights is a fundamental duty of any state. This includes enacting laws that safeguard human rights and ensuring their effective enforcement, taking proactive steps to support and integrate marginalized groups, addressing discrimination and inequality, and adhering to international human rights conventions and agreements, while cooperating with international bodies that promote and monitor human rights.On the global stage, some countries are recognized for their exceptional performance in fulfilling these core responsibilities. Often referred to as “civilized countries,” these nations exhibit a strong commitment to effective governance, human rights, social welfare, and economic development. Sweden is celebrated for its strong social welfare system and dedication to human rights. It offers comprehensive healthcare services to all citizens, financed through taxes, ensuring high-quality medical care and access for everyone, regardless of income. Education is both free and mandatory for children, and the country also provides subsidized higher education. Sweden’s education system prioritizes equal opportunities and lifelong learning. As a staunch advocate for human rights and gender equality, Sweden has progressive policies on gender pay equity and anti-discrimination. Additionally, Sweden leads in environmental initiatives, with significant investments in renewable energy and ambitious climate goals.Canada is frequently recognized for its inclusive policies and effective governance. The country promotes multiculturalism, encouraging diversity and inclusivity. Its immigration policies are designed to attract skilled individuals while facilitating cultural integration. Canada’s universal healthcare system ensures access to essential medical services without direct charges at the point of care. This system is funded by taxes and aims to provide equitable access for all residents. The country offers a range of social services, including unemployment benefits, child care support, and pensions, with the goal of reducing poverty and assisting families. Canada is also making progress in addressing historical injustices faced by Indigenous peoples by improving living conditions and recognizing Indigenous rights.Germany exemplifies a nation that combines economic strength with a robust social welfare system. As one of Europe’s largest economies, Germany has a strong industrial base and a focus on innovation and technology, promoting stability and growth. Its social welfare system includes comprehensive support such as healthcare, pensions, and unemployment benefits, with a well-developed social safety net. Germany is also a global leader in environmental protection and sustainability, with its “Energiewende” policy aimed at transitioning to renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions. The country has a strong tradition of labor rights, offering job security, fair wages, and active participation in workplace decisions through works councils.New Zealand is noted for its progressive policies and commitment to social and environmental issues. The country is dedicated to social equality, including gender equality and support for marginalized communities. It has forward-thinking policies on paid parental leave and gender pay equity. New Zealand provides universal healthcare and free primary and secondary education, with subsidized higher education ensuring access for all. Significant efforts have been made to recognize and address the rights of the Māori people through treaty settlements and cultural preservation. New Zealand is also committed to environmental protection and sustainability, with policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions and preserving natural landscapes.In contrast, India, which claims to be a secular state and champion of human rights, has a reality that starkly contrasts with these claims. The human rights situation in India is deeply troubling. Dalits, historically marginalized and often referred to as “untouchables,” face systemic discrimination and violence. Despite so-called legal protections and affirmative action policies, Dalits continue to encounter significant challenges. They are frequently excluded from mainstream social, economic, and political activities, facing caste-based segregation, particularly in rural areas, which limits their access to education, employment, and public spaces. Violence against Dalits, including physical attacks and honor killings, remains widespread. Atrocities in India often involve forced labor, sexual violence, and social ostracism, with numerous cases remaining unreported or poorly addressed by authorities. The enforcement of laws such as the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act is notably weak. Victims frequently face biased legal processes and insufficient protection. Gender-based violence is a severe human rights issue in India, affecting women and transgender individuals in various ways. Domestic violence is prevalent, with many women experiencing physical, emotional, and economic abuse. Although there are laws like the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, enforcement is inconsistent, and support systems are often lacking. Women and transgender individuals regularly encounter discrimination in employment, education, and healthcare, with wage disparities and unequal opportunities reflecting broader societal inequalities. Certain regions in India, particularly those affected by insurgencies or internal conflicts, experience severe human rights violations. Areas such as Manipur and Nagaland face ongoing conflict and instability. Reports indicate extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detentions, and torture by security forces. Armed groups and counterinsurgency operations contribute to a cycle of violence and human rights abuses. The conflict in IIOJK has led to significant human rights concerns. Reports include allegations of excessive use of force by Indian security personnel, enforced disappearances, and restrictions on freedom of expression and assembly. The revocation of Article 370 in 2019 further intensified tensions and raised concerns about human rights and autonomy. Religious minorities in India face discrimination and violence, particularly in regions with communal tensions. There have been numerous instances of violence and discrimination against Muslim communities. Communal riots, lynchings, and discriminatory policies have affected Muslims’ safety and access to resources. Christians and other religious minorities also experience challenges, including violence against places of worship and forced conversions. In some regions, they face restrictions on practicing their faith. Children in India face several human rights violations. Child labor remains a significant issue in India. Many children are employed in hazardous industries and face exploitation, poor working conditions, and denial of education. Human trafficking for purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation is a serious concern. Many children, particularly from marginalized communities, lack access to quality education and healthcare, affecting their overall development and future opportunities.Sexual violence remains a grave and pervasive issue in India, manifesting in various forms and impacting countless women across India. Instances of rape and sexual assault continue to shock and distress the world. One of the most infamous and impactful cases of sexual violence in India is the 2012 Delhi gang rape, also known as the Nirbhaya case. On December 16, 2012, a 23-year-old woman, later referred to as Nirbhaya (the fearless one), was brutally gang-raped and assaulted by six men on a moving bus in Delhi. The case drew widespread national and international attention due to its brutal nature and the subsequent death of the victim due to her injuries. The Delhi gang rape led to massive protests across India, with citizens demanding justice and reform. In January 2018, an 8-year-old girl from a nomadic Muslim community in Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir, was abducted, raped, and murdered. The case was particularly shocking due to the brutality of the crime and the involvement of local police and political figures in attempting to obstruct justice. The Kathua case highlighted the intersections of sexual violence with communal tensions and political interference. The public outcry and protests were intense, with activists demanding justice for the victim and accountability for those involved in the cover-up. In September 2020, a 19-year-old Dalit woman in Hathras district, Uttar Pradesh, was brutally gang-raped by four men. The victim suffered severe injuries, including spinal damage, and died two weeks later. The case became a focal point of national outrage due to the perceived mishandling of the investigation and the forcible cremation of the victim’s body by authorities. The Hathras case drew attention to the intersection of caste discrimination and sexual violence, with the victim being from a marginalized Dalit community. The case also highlighted issues of police negligence, lack of accountability, and the need for better support systems for survivors. In May 2021, two young sisters were found dead in a field in Badaun district, Uttar Pradesh, after being allegedly raped. The case garnered attention due to the horrific nature of the crime and the slow response of authorities. The Badaun case underscored the ongoing challenges in addressing sexual violence in rural areas, where victims often face additional barriers to justice due to lack of resources and social stigma. The case led to protests and calls for stronger enforcement of laws and support for rural women. In 2022, a high-profile case emerged in Mumbai involving the rape and assault of a 21-year-old woman by a well-known businessman. The case gained attention due to the prominence of the accused and the extensive media coverage it received. The Mumbai case brought to light issues of power dynamics and the influence of wealth and status in sexual violence cases. It also highlighted the challenges faced by survivors in seeking justice against influential individuals.Then the recent rape and Murder case of Dr Moumita shocked the whole world. It was very shocking to hear about the injuries found in dead body of Dr Moumita along with brutal rape where her Hyoid (neck bone ) was fractured ,Injury was found on her lips, Pelvis bone was broken, there was bleeding from mouth, Both eyes were damaged, Blood was spilled from eyes, Injury found in bell, Injury found in left leg, Right hand ring finger was broken , private part was brutally damaged, Bleeding was seen from private parts , Black mark was there all over the body and 150ml semeη was found inside her body whereas one man can only have 10gm. India exhibits a level of sexual freedom similar to European and American standards. The Indian Supreme Court has legalized cohabitation between unmarried couples, making relationships between boyfriends and girlfriends commonplace. Same-sex marriages are also legally recognized. Prostitution is legal in India, with designated red-light districts in every city where such activities are regulated at certain times. Numerous websites, Facebook pages, and WhatsApp groups facilitate the sex trade, and the local porn industry is well-established, with hundreds of active channels and web series.In addition to red-light districts, massage centers and brothels operate in both affluent and less privileged neighborhoods. Prostitutes are frequently seen at traffic signals, on beaches, and in popular areas, earning from one hundred to ten thousand rupees depending on their attractiveness. It is not uncommon for economically disadvantaged and middle-class women to engage in sex work to support their educational and living expenses. In terms of sexual freedom, India is comparable to Amsterdam in the Netherlands. If many still choose to commit acts of rape in India, it reflects a deeply troubling situation. Such rampant violence suggests that India is dangerously unstable. The living conditions for minorities in India have deteriorated significantly, with women facing particularly harsh challenges. Women are especially vulnerable, making it very difficult for them to live and work freely in the country. India has become a hostile environment for women, especially in recent times. An alarming trend has emerged where young women are being forcibly pressured into changing their religion. This situation is particularly concerning in IIOJK, where young girls are being deceived and coerced into converting from Islam to Hinduism under the guise of love. A recent case involving Humera Mohi ud Din, whose conversion certificate was highlighted in the Indian media, clearly indicates that this girl from Baramulla, IIOJK, was forcibly compelled to change her religion.The country appears unsafe for its own citizens and poses a potential security threat to the world. While India positions itself as a responsible nuclear power, recent revelations of uranium being sold on the black market undermine this claim. A recent incident on August 10, where police in Gopalganj, Bihar, arrested three smugglers during a routine operation, further exposed these vulnerabilities. The nature of the goods recovered from these smugglers has alarmed security organizations globally. A rare radioactive substance called “californium,” valued at 850 crore Indian rupees on the international market, was recently recovered from three smugglers: Lal Prasad, Chandan Gupta, and Chandan Ram. The presence of such sensitive material in the hands of minor criminals suggests a troubling vulnerability in India’s nuclear program. This incident highlights concerns about the potential for India’s nuclear assets to be compromised.Earlier, on July 12, 2024, Indian security forces raided an apartment in the Rajpur area of Dehradun, Uttarakhand, uncovering a significant quantity of dangerous radioactive material stored in large, specialized boxes. This material, produced by the Mumbai-based Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC), was found in the possession of five individuals, including Samit Pathak from Agra and Abhishek Jain from Saharanpur. The discovery of such a large amount of nuclear material in the hands of ordinary criminals has alarmed global security organizations, though it is not the first instance of uranium theft in India. Several incidents were reported in past as well. In 2008, five individuals were arrested in Meghalaya for smuggling uranium. In 2021, 6.4 kg of uranium was recovered from four people in Jharkhand. In the same year, 7 kg of uranium valued at $573 million was seized in Maharashtra. On August 26, 2021, 250 kg of highly radioactive uranium was seized in Kolkata. In December 2006, a container of radioactive material was stolen from a research center in Rajarpa, Ramgarh district, and has yet to be recovered.According to the Indian Environmental Portal, the Indian Atomic Energy Regulatory Board’s annual reports reveal 18 incidents of radiation source damage, theft, or loss since 2001. These recurring incidents suggest a black market for nuclear materials in India and highlight serious flaws in the country’s security and nuclear protocols.In contrast, Pakistan is perceived as having a more secure nuclear program, with no reported incidents of theft or security breaches. Pakistan’s nuclear assets are seen as more stable compared to those of India. Additionally, Pakistan’s human rights situation is often viewed more favorably. Recent legislative efforts, such as the Pakistan Protection of Journalists Act, aim to protect journalists and ensure their right to report without fear. In contrast, India faces growing concerns about press freedom, with reports of harassment, violence, and imprisonment of journalists. Recent laws, including the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), have been criticized for suppressing dissent and curtailing freedom of expression. Pakistan’s constitution ensures certain rights for religious minorities, including the freedom to practice their religion. The government has made efforts to address minority issues by appointing representatives for these groups and enacting laws to combat religious discrimination. In contrast, while India’s constitution promotes secularism and the protection of minority rights, there have been numerous reports of religious intolerance and violence, particularly targeting Muslim and Dalit communities. The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the National Register of Citizens (NRC) have been particularly controversial and troubling for minority groups. On the other hand, Pakistan has made significant strides in gender equality through various legislative measures aimed at safeguarding women’s rights. The Prevention of Anti-Women Practices Act and the Protection against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act represent significant efforts to enhance women’s status and safety in Pakistan. Gender-based violence remains a critical issue in India, with high-profile cases like the 2012 Delhi gang rape underscoring persistent challenges in safeguarding women and effectively enforcing laws.Pakistan has also made progress in improving child rights, with initiatives aimed at combating child labor and increasing
